Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. It is the basic structural element of other allotropes of carbon, such as graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes. It can also be considered as an indefinitely large aromatic molecule, the ultimate stage of folding of the graphite basal plane.
Some of the emerging trends in graphene research include the development of new synthesis methods, the exploration of new applications, and the study of novel properties.